Полезные команды

Disk Commands

/bin/mount -F hsfs -o ro /dev/sr0 /cdrom
        Mount an ISO 9660 CDROM

/usr/bin/iostat -E
    Command to display drives statistics

du -ad /var | sort -nr
    Report the the disk used in /var in reverse order

du -k .
    Report disk usage in Kilobytes

du -sk | sort -nr | head
    Shows the top ten largest files/directories

du -sk |sort -k1,1n
    Reports total disk space used in Kilobytes in present directory

du -sk .
    Report total disk usage in Kilobytes

fdformat -d -U
    Format diskette

newfs -Nv /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s1
    To view the superfblocks available

prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s2
    Disk geometry and partitioning info

prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s2 | fmthard -s - /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s2
    Copy partition table from one disk to another

quot -af
    How much space is used by users in kilobytes

volrmmount -i floppy
    Mount a floppy or other media easily by its nickname.


Driver Parameters

ndd /dev/ip ip_forwarding
    Show the ip_forwarding variable in the kernel

ndd /dev/ip ip_forwarding 1
    Set the ip_forwarding variable in the kernel

ndd /dev/ip \?
    Show all IP variables set in the kernel


File Manipulation

dos2unix | -ascii
    Converts DOS file formats to Unix

fold -w 180
    To break lines to have maximum char

split [-linecount] [file]
    Split files into pieces

[vi] : %s/existing/new/g
    Search and Replace text in vi

[vi] :set list
    Show non-printing characters in vi

[vi] :set nu
    Set line numbers in vi

[vi] :set ts=[num]
    Set tab stops in vi


File System

/sbin/uadmin x x
    Syncs File Systems and Reboots systems fast

awk ' END {print NR}' file_name
    Display the Number of lines in a file

cat /dev/null > filename
    Zero's out the file without breaking pipe

dd if=/dev/rdsk/... of=/dev/rdsk/... bs=4096
    Make a mirror image of your boot disk

df -k | grep dg| awk '{print $6}' |xargs -n 1 umount
    Unmount all file systems in disk group dg

fsck -F ufs -o b=97472 /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0
    Check and repair a UFS filesystem on c0t0d0s0, using an alternate superblock

fsck -F ufs -y /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0
    Check a UFS filesystem on c0t0d0s0, repair any problems without prompting.

fsck -F ufs /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0
    Check a UFS filesystem on c0t0d0s0

gzip -d -c tarball.tgz | (cd /[dir];tar xf - ) &
    Unpacking tarballs to diff location

gzip -dc file1.tar.gz | tar xf -
    Unpack .tar.gz files in place

ln [-fhns] <source file> <destination file>
    Creating hard links and soft links

ls -al | awk '$3 == "oracle" || $3 == "root" {print $9}'
    List all file names by testing owner

ls -l | sort +4n
    List files by size

ls -la | awk '{ print $5," ",$9 }' | sort -rn
    File sizes of current directory

ls -lR | awk '{total +=$5};END {print "Total size: " total/1024/1024 "MB" }'
    Recursive directory size calculations in MB

mkisofs -l -L -r -o [image-name].iso [directory]
    Create an ISO image of a directory

mount -F ufs -o rw,remount /
    Used to remount root to make it writeable

mount -o remount,logging /spare
    Re-mount the ro file system rw and turn on ufs logging

mount -f pcfs /dev/dsk/c0d0p1 /export/dos
    mount DOS fdisk partition from Solaris

mv [filename]{,.new_suffix}
    Renaming file

pax -rw . /newdir
    Efficient alternative for copying directories

prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s2 | fmthard -s - /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s2
    Cloning Partitiontables

tar cf - . | (cd /newdir ; tar xf -)
    Recursively copy files and their permissions

tar cvf filename.tar
    Create a tape (tar) archive

tar xvf filename.tar
    Extract a tape (tar) archive

X=$(wc -l < filename); echo $X
    Count number of lines in a file into a variable (ksh)

zcat < patch_file.tar.Z | tar xvf -
    Extract the patch_file that is a compressed tar file

zcat [cpio file] | cpio -itmv
    Show the contents of a compressed cpio


File Transfer

find . -depth | cpio -pdmv /path/tobe/copied/to
    Fast alternative to cp -pr

find . -follow | cpio -pdumL /path/tobe/copied/to
    Copy with symbolic links to be followed

get filename.suffix | "tar xf -"
    Undocumented Feature of FTP

ssh cd /some/directory \&\& tar cf - | ssh cd /some/direstory \&\& tar xvf -
    Move any file(s) without actually touching them

put " | tar cf - ." filename.tar
    Undocumented Feature of FTP

sendport
    FTP command for transferring large numbers of files within the same control session


General

/bin/printf '%d\n' '0x'
    Converts hexadecimal number to decimal.

/usr/bin/catman -w
    Create windex databases for man page directories

FQ_FILENAME=<fully_qualified_file_name>; echo ${FQ_FILENAME%    /*}
    Extract directory from fully-qualified file name.

mailx -H -u <username>
    List out mail headers for specified user

ps -ef | grep -i $@
    Access common commands quicker

set filec
    Set file-completion for csh

uuencode [filename] [filename] | mailx -s "Subject" [user to mail]
    Send files as attachments

xauth -f /home/${LOGNAME} extract - ${DISPLAY} | xauth merge -
    Allow root to xdisplay after su


Hardware

cfgadm
    Verify reconfigurable hardware resources

m64config -depth 8|24
    Sets the screen depth of your M64 graphics accelerator

m64config -prconf
    Print M64 hardware configuration

m64config -res 'video_mode'
    Change the resolution of your M64 graphics accelerator

prtpicl -v | grep sync-speed
    Discover SCSI sync speed


Kernel

/usr/sbin/modinfo
    Display kernel module information

/usr/sbin/modload <module>
    Load a kernel module

/usr/sbin/modunload -i <module id>
    Unload a kernel module

/usr/sbin/sysdef
    Show system kernal tunable details

nm -x /dev/ksyms | grep OBJ | more
    Tuneable kernel parameters


Memory

pagesize -a
    Available page sizes for Solaris 9

prtconf | grep Mem
    Display Memory Size of the local machine.


Network Information

arp -a
    Ethernet address arp table

arp -d myhost
    Delete an ethernet address arp table entry

lsof -iTCP@10.20.2.9
    Display open files for internet address

ndd /dev/arp arp_cache_report
    Prints ARP table in cache with IP and MAC address

netstat -a | grep EST | wc -l
    Displays number active established connections to the localhost

netstat -a | more
    Show the state of all the sockets on a machine

netstat -i
    Show the state of the interfaces used for TCP/IP traffice

netstat -k hme0
    Undocumented netstat command

netstat -np
    Similar to arp -a without name resolution

netstat -r
    Show the state of the network routing table for TCP/IP traffic

netstat -rn
    Displays routing information but bypasses hostname lookup.

snoop -S -ta [machine]
    Snoop for network packets and get size and time stamp entries.

traceroute <ipaddress>
    Follow the route to the ipaddress


Network Tuning

/sbin/ifconfig hme0:1 inet 10.210.xx.xxx netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 10.210.xxx.xxx
    Virtual Interfaces

/sbin/ifconfig hme0:1 up
    Bring virtual interface up

/usr/sbin/ndd -set /dev/hme adv_100fdx_cap 1
    Nailling to 100Mbps

ifconfig eth0 10.1.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.255
    Add an Interface

ifconfig eth0 mtu 1500
    Change MTU of interface

ndd -set /dev/ip ip_addrs_per_if 1-8192
    To set more than 256 virtual ip addresses.

ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_recv_hiwat 65535
    Increase TCP-receivebuffers on Sol2.5.1 systems with 100BaseTx

ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_xmit_hiwat 65535
    Increase TCP-transmitbuffers on Sol2.5.1 systems with 100BaseTx


Processes

/usr/proc/bin/ptree <pid>
    Print the parent/child process 'tree' of a process

/usr/proc/bin/pwdx <pid>
    Print the working directory of a process

/usr/ucb/ps -aux | more
    Displays CPU % usage for each process in ascending order

/usr/ucb/ps -auxww | grep <process name>
    Gives the full listing of the process (long listing)

fuser -uc /var
    Processes that are running from /var

ipcs
    Report inter-process communication facilities status

kill -HUP `ps -ef | grep [p]roccess | awk '{print $2}'`
    HUP any related process in one step

lsof -i TCP:25
    Mapping port with process

pfiles <pid>
    Shows processes' current open files

pkill -n <name>
    Kill a process by name

prstat -a
    An alternative for top command

ps -edf -o pcpu,pid,user,args
    Nicely formatted 'ps'

ps -ef | grep -i | awk '{ print $2 }'
    Creates list of running PID by

ps -ef | grep -i | awk '{ print $2 }'
    Creates list of running PID by

ps -ef | grep | grep -v grep | cut -c 10-15 | xargs kill -9
    Find and kill all instances of a given process

ps -ef | more
    Show all processes running

ps -ef | grep -v "0:00"|more
    Gives you a list of any process with CPU time more than 0:00

ps -eo pid,args
    List processes in simplified format

ps -fu oracle | grep pmon
    See which instances of Oracle are running

top -b 1
    Returns the process utilizing the most cpu and quits


Resource Management

/usr/bin/ldd [filename]
    List the dynamic dependencies of executable files

/usr/proc/bin/pmap pid
    Report address space map a process occupies

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All Solaris Commands
Comparision of Shell commands (PDF)
Cool Commands
coolcommands.com
DOS to UNIX command translation
Man Pages: System Administration Commands (Solaris 10)
Man Pages: System Administration Commands (Solaris 9)
Man Pages: User Commands (Solaris 10)
Man Pages: User Commands (Solaris 9)
Tips on good shell programming practices
Trapping Special Characters in the Korn Shell
Universal Command Guide for Operating Systems